Preface xi
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction 1
I Introduction to wireless local area networks (LANS) 1
1.2 The need for standardization 2
1.3 Future trends 3
References 7
Selected Bibliography 8
The IRDA Standard 9
2.1 Introduction to the IRDA- General description 9
2.1.1 The standard protocol stack 11
2.2 Physical layer (SIR) 13
2.2.1 General description of the physical layer specification
13
2.2.2 Specifications for signals at bit rates from 2.4 kbps to 115.2
Kbps 14
2.2.3 Specifications for signals at bit rates of 0.576 Mbps and 1.152
Mbps 15
2.2.4 Specifications for signals at bit rates of 4 Mbps
17
2.2.5 Optical interface characteristics 21
2.3 Serial infrared link access protocol (IRLAP) 22
2.3.1 Services provided by IRLAP: Connectionless services 24
2.3.2 Services provided by IRLAP: Connection-oriented services
24
2.3.3 Configurations and operating characteristics 25
2.3.4 IRLAP frame structure 26
2.3.5 IRLAPfraMe types 26
2.4 IRDA link management protocol (IRLMP) 28
2.4.1 Link management iultiplexor (LM-MUX) 28
2.4.2 Information access service (IAS) 33
2.5 IRDA transport protocol: TinyTP 35
2.5.1 TinyTPframesformat 36
2.5.2 Flow control 36
2.6 LAN access extensions for link management protocol: IRLAN 38
2.6.1 IRLANgeneral description 38
2.6.2 Access methods 39
2.6.3 Frames size and format 41
References 43
The IEEE 802.11 Standard 45
3.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1 1: General description 45
3.2 Medium access control (MAC) for the IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs (WLANS)
47
3.2.1 Expected features ofa WLAN MAC protocol 48
3.2.2 The structure of the IEEE standard MAC protocol 54
3.2.3 Comparison with the MAC protocol of other WLANs: HIPERLAN 65
3.2.4 Conclusions 69
3.3 Physical layer for IEEE 802.11 wireless LANS: Radio systems 69
3.3.1 Introduction 69
3.3.2 Spread spectrum techniques 71
3.3.3 Frequency hopping techniques 72
3.3.4 Direct sequence systems 75
3.3.5 IEEE 802.ll frequency hopping physical layer 83
3.3.6 IEEE 802.1 1 direct sequence physical layer 89
3.3.7 Comparison of the FHSS and DSSS physical layers
93
3.4 Physical layer for IEEE 802.11 wireless LANS: Infrared systems 96
3.4.1 Description 96
3.4.2 The physical layer convergence procedure (IR-PLCP) 97
3.4.3 TheIR physical medium sublayer (IR-PMD) 99
3.5 Conclusions and applications 104
References 105
The HIPERLAN Standard 109
4.1 Introduction: Terminology 109
4.2 Pbysical layer (PHY) 113
4.2.1 Introduction 113
4.2.2 Transmission characteristics 114
4.2.3 Data bursts 116
4.2.4 Channel access bursts 118
4.2.5 Receiver characteristics 115
4.2.6 Compatibility between transmitter and receiver classes 119
4.2.7 Establishing a defer threshold 119
4.3 HIPERLAN channel access control (CAC) 121
4.3.1 Generalities 121
4.3.2 HIPERLAN CAC protocol data units (HCPDUS) 122
4.3.3 Channel access 124
4.3.4 Channel access in the free channel condition 126
4.3.5 Channel access in the synchronized channel condition 127
4.3.6 Hidden node detection and operation 130
4.4 HIPERLAN rnedium access control (MAC) 131
4.4.1 HIPERLAN MACfunctions 131
4.4.2 HIPERLAN differentiation and addressing 132
4.4.3 Data encryption 133
4.4.4 Power-saving function 133
4.4.5 MAC information databases 135
4.4.6 Priorities and traffic lifetime 137
4.4.7 Types of HMPDUs 139
4.4.8 Look- up function: LR-HMPDU and LC-HMPDU 139
4.4.9 IP-HMPDU and GP- HMPDU 140
4.4.10 DT-HMPDU 140
4.4.11 TC-HMPDU and HO-HMPDU 141
4.4.12 Routing functions and information maintenance 142
4.5 Conclusions on HIPERLAN type 1 146
4.6 Future BRAN standards 147
References 148
Selected Bibliograpliy 149
Application Scenarios 151
5.1 Introduction 151
5.2 The application scenarios 152
5.2.1 Public buildings 152
5.2.2 Business environment 158
5.2.3 Domestic buildings (the home) 159
5.2.4 Industrial sector 160
5.3 Wireless LAN technologies and products 161
5.3.1 The RF market 161
5.3.2 The IR market 168
5.4 Conclusions 176
References 177
Selected Bibliography 177
Appendix 5A: IRDA membership 178
Upcoming Standards and Future Trends 183
6.1 Introduction: is the future wireless? 183
6.2 The evolution of HIPERLAN 186
6.3 The evolution of IEEE 802.11 188
6.4 Forthcoming IR standards 190
6.4.1 IRDA new techniques 190
6.4.2 Interconnection for wireless networks 195
6.4.3 New techniques for diffuse links: Spread spectrum 197
6.5 Other RF standards: DECT, Bluetooth, WATM, HomeRF, etc.
200
6.5.1 Introduction 200
6.5.2 Digital enhanced cordless telecommunications (DECT)
201
6.5.3 Bluetooth 203
6.5.4 Wireless ATM 206
6.5.5 HomeRF 207
6.6 Conclusions 209
References 209
Glossary 213
About the Author 223
Index 225